When using the mobile app, you may find a small line at the bottom of the welcome page which says “IPv6 is supported”. According to the global IPv6 statistics released by Google, by the end of November 2018, the global IPv6 penetration rate had exceeded 25.04%, while China’s IPv6 penetration rate was only 2.93%. Since 2019, both operators and Internet enterprises have started to adopted IPv6 on a large scale. What is IPv6?
When it comes to IPv6, we have to talk about the IPv4 protocol which is still in use. Vinton Cerf, the “Father of the Internet”, created the Internet communication protocol “IPv4” in 1977 to enable computers all over the world to connect with each other. The IP address is a series of numbers assigned to each computer, website or other networking device, and each IP address is unique. Because the IP address length specified in IPv4 is 32 bits, as a result of the rapid development of the Internet of Things, the current IPv4 addresses are insufficient. As of June this year, there were 751 million fixed network users and 724 million mobile Internet users in China, but there were only 338.45 million IPv4 addresses. On average, there were only 0.45 IPv4 addresses per capita for each fixed network user in China.
IPv6 with an IP address length of 128 bits, is claimed to be able to compile a web address for every grain of sand in the world, and is commonly known as the “next generation Internet”. In addition to solving the problem of address shortage once and for all, in the design process of IPv6, other problems that cannot be solved in IPv4 are also considered, mainly including end-to-end IP connection, quality of service (QoS), security, multicast, mobility, plug and play, etc.
Compared with IPV4, IPV6 has the following advantages:
1. IPv6 has a larger number of addresses. IPv4 specifies that the IP address length is 32 bits, and the maximum number of addresses is 2 ^ 32; The length of IP address in IPv6 is 128 bits, that is, the maximum number of addresses is 2 ^ 128. Compared with the 32-bit address number, its address number is increased by 2 ^ 128-2 ^ 32.
2. IPv6 uses smaller routing tables. IPv6 address allocation follows the principle of aggregation at the beginning, which enables the router to use an entry to represent a subnet in the routing table, greatly reducing the length of the routing table in the router, and improving the speed of forwarding packets.
3. IPv6 adds enhanced Multicast support and Flow Control, which gives multimedia applications on the network a great opportunity to develop and provides a good network platform for quality of service (QoS) control.
4. IPv6 adds support for Auto Configuration. This is the improvement and expansion of DHCP protocol, which makes the management of network, especially LAN, convenient and fast.
5. IPv6 is more secure. In the IPv6 network, users can encrypt the data of the network layer and verify the IP message. The encryption and authentication options in IPV6 produce the confidentiality and integrity of the packet. It greatly enhances the security of the network.
6. If new technologies or applications require, IPV6 allows the protocol to be extended.
7. It uses a better header format. IPV6 uses a new header format, and its options are separated from the basic header. If necessary, the options can be inserted between the basic header and the upper data. This simplifies and speeds up the routing process, because most options do not need to be selected by routing.
- New options. IPV6 has some new options to implement additional functions.
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